How does improper vehicle maintenance affect emissions?

Improper vehicle maintenance can lead to increased emissions primarily due to inefficiencies in the vehicle's operation. When a vehicle is not maintained correctly, components such as the engine, exhaust system, and fuel delivery system may not function optimally. For example, a dirty air filter can restrict airflow to the engine, causing it to run richer (more fuel than air in the combustion process), which leads to incomplete combustion and higher levels of harmful emissions, including hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.

Additionally, issues such as worn spark plugs or faulty oxygen sensors can further exacerbate the problem by causing the engine to misfire or operate outside of its designed parameters. This not only wastes fuel but also allows for greater emissions of pollutants during operation. Therefore, regular maintenance is crucial in ensuring that the vehicle operates efficiently and within emissions standards, ultimately reducing its environmental impact.