Which emissions control technology is commonly found in modern vehicles?

The catalytic converter is a fundamental component in modern vehicles' emissions control systems. Its primary function is to reduce harmful emissions from the engine by converting pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides into less harmful substances before they are released into the atmosphere. This conversion process typically involves chemical reactions facilitated by precious metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium that are coated on the converter's substrates.

The presence of catalytic converters in vehicles is largely due to stringent environmental regulations aimed at reducing air pollution. These devices have become standard in most gasoline and diesel cars manufactured since the late 1970s and are a key technology for meeting emission standards.

While turbochargers, carburetors, and air filters are important components that contribute to engine performance and efficiency, they do not directly address the reduction of harmful emissions in the same way that catalytic converters do. Turbochargers enhance engine power and efficiency, carburetors were historically used to mix air and fuel in older engines (but have largely been replaced by fuel injection systems), and air filters ensure that clean air enters the engine to promote optimal combustion.