Which technology is used in modern vehicles to reduce NOx emissions?

Catalytic converters play a crucial role in modern vehicles by converting harmful pollutants in exhaust gases into less harmful emissions. Specifically, they reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) by facilitating a chemical reaction that transforms these compounds into nitrogen and oxygen, which are less harmful to the environment. This technology works by using precious metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium as catalysts, encouraging reactions that break down NOx at high temperatures.

The other technologies mentioned do not specifically target the reduction of NOx emissions. Turbochargers enhance engine performance and efficiency but do so by forcing more air into the combustion chamber, which can actually lead to increased NOx emissions if not managed properly. Ethanol fuel blending may impact overall emissions but is not specifically designed for the reduction of NOx alone. CO2 scrubbers are not commonly used in vehicles and are focused on carbon dioxide rather than nitrogen oxides. Therefore, the catalytic converter is the most effective technology for reducing NOx in the modern automotive context.